• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Rectifier circuit having a three-phase rectification arrangement (1) with a three-phase network-side input (3) and a DC-side output (4), wherein each of the three phases (U, V, W) at the network input (3) each with a switching element (S1, S2, S3) is connectable to a first pole terminal (A) of a three-pole circuit (5), and a second and third pole terminal (B, C) of the three-pole circuit (5) each with an output line (PDC, NDC) of the DC side output ( 4) is connected. The first pole terminal (A) forms a midpoint terminal (M) of two switching branches to the second and third pole terminal (B, C), wherein the two switching branches are each formed from at least two series-connected two-pole switching units (HBi), each of which at least one switching unit (FHBi) in the form of four switched as a full bridge, controllable semiconductor valves (S), and at least one switching unit (hHBi) in the form of two connected as a half-bridge, controllable controllable semiconductor valves (S) is executed, in the bridge branches in each case a buffer capacitor (Cc ) is arranged.
    公开号:AT516643A1
    申请号:T50925/2014
    申请日:2014-12-18
    公开日:2016-07-15
    发明作者:Michael Hartmann
    申请人:Schneider Electric Power Drives Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a rectifier circuit having a three-phase rectifying arrangement of semiconductor valves, preferably one
    Bridge rectifier circuit of diodes, wherein the rectification arrangement has a three-phase network-side input and a DC-side output, and each of the three phases at the line side input each with a switching element to a first pole terminal of a three-pole circuit is switchable, and a second and third pole terminal of the three-pole circuit respectively an output line of the DC-side output is connected, and at least one throttle is arranged on one of the output lines at the DC-side output, according to the preamble of claim 1.
    In modern power electronics, a variety of different embodiments of passive, active and hybrid forms, so-called hybrid rectifier circuits are known. The various rectifier circuits provide substantially constant DC voltage at the output of the rectifier circuit from the line-side, sinusoidal voltages at the input. A commonly used rectification arrangement is the three-phase (six-pulse) bridge rectification arrangement (B6 circuit) of rectifier diodes known from the prior art, in particular in power electronics generates a rectified voltage after the bridge arrangement (the so-called DC side of the rectifier circuit).
    To reduce the resulting by the rectifier circuit pulse-shaped currents at the AC side input of the rectifier and to smooth the rectifier output voltage or the rectifier output current inductors (chokes) are often switched DC rectifier output of the diode bridge and output capacitor. In generic rectifier circuits, the rectifier current is passed through a choke, connected to an output capacitor in parallel with the output, to reduce distortion in the mains currents, and to smooth the course of the rectifier current and to provide a constant output voltage at the output or output capacitor.
    The network-side current profile of a rectifier circuit with switching elements, inductors and / or capacitors, even in operation with passive (ohmic) load or another electronic circuit on the DC side, is not sinusoidal in a conventional manner. The non-sinusoidal currents cause as a result of their
    Harmonic content and the phase shift relative to the fundamental line oscillation unwanted network-side voltage or current distortions. Especially at
    Rectifier circuits higher power are not negligible network interference. It is necessary to maintain a level of the quadrally summed harmonics in relation to the fundamental of the currents (THDi, stands for "Total Harmony Distortion of Currents"), whereby the maximum distortions of the mains currents and mains voltages are given by standards ,
    It is known from the prior art that the current forms of the rectifier circuit can be influenced by adding or deriving currents, the so-called injection currents. A possible circuit arrangement for this is described, for example, in the applicant's Austrian patent application A 512/752, in which each phase of the three-phase network-side input can be switched in each case with a switching element to the first pole terminal of a three-pole circuit, with a second and third pole terminal of the three-pole circuit each with an output line of the DC side output is connected to control currents. In this case, the three-pole circuit has controllable semiconductor valves, preferably IGBTs, for active control of the control currents and / or of the injection current. Each individual phase of the network can thus be connected by means of switching element with the three-pole circuit, wherein the so-called injection current is removed from the network and the rectifier currents is added as a control current. This circuit also allows for variable load operation on the DC side output of the rectifier circuit, since the control currents from the three-pole circuit can be controlled by active semiconductor control valves as active components in the three-pole circuit, depending on the load. Passive components such as resistors, capacitors or inductors, as used in other known circuit topologies of rectifier circuits using the injection principle, are not sufficiently suitable for this purpose. Controllable semiconductor valves in the form of IGBTs with antiparallel free-wheeling diodes are preferably provided as active components, although any type of disconnectable valves which can be used for controlling the switching states (for example MOSFETs, GTOs,. By a suitable choice of the injection current, the distortion of the mains currents can thus be largely avoided and thus a better THDi can be achieved.
    However, the circuitry described in A 512/752, which is considered as the closest prior art for the present invention, however, requires an increased circuit complexity and has due to the high reverse voltage over limited suitability for use in the medium voltage range.
    It is therefore the object of this invention in a rectifier circuit of the generic type to achieve the best possible rectification while avoiding network distortions, which is flexible configurable and thus reduced circuit complexity allows, in particular, should offer good usability in the medium voltage range.
    These objects are achieved by the features of claim 1. Claim 1 relates to a rectifier circuit having a three-phase rectification arrangement of semiconductor valves, preferably a bridge rectifier circuit of diodes, wherein the rectification arrangement comprises a three-phase network-side input and a DC-side output, and each of the three phases at the network input each with a switching element to a first pole terminal of a A three-pole circuit is switchable, and a second and third pole of the three-pole circuit is respectively connected to an output line of the DC side output, and at least one throttle is arranged on one of the output lines at the DC side output. According to the invention, it is proposed here that the first pole connection forms a mid-point connection of two switching branches to the second and third pole connection, wherein the two switching branches are each formed from at least two series-connected two-pole switching units and an inductance connected in series to the switching units, of which at least one is in each case Switching unit is designed in the form of four, connected as a full bridge, controllable semiconductor valves, in the bridge branch a buffer capacitor is arranged, and at least one switching unit in the form of two connected as a half bridge, controllable semiconductor valves is designed in the bridge branch, a buffer capacitor is arranged. The switching units designed as half-bridges thus each have a buffer capacitor to which a series connection of two controllable semiconductor valves is electrically connected in parallel, and a connection of the storage capacitor and a connection point of the two semiconductor valves respectively form the terminals of the two-pole switching unit. Controllable semiconductor valves in the form of IGBTs with antiparallel free-wheeling diodes are preferably provided as active components, although any type of disconnectable valves which can be used for controlling the switching states (for example MOSFETs, GTOs,. In the description of the present invention, the term controllable semiconductor valves is used to represent all controllable switching elements.
    According to the invention, a different number of switching units can thus be connected in series, as required, in order to form the control currents supplied to the output lines of the DC-side output in a desired manner. A voltage resulting from the rectification arrangement with alternating portions can drop across the inductor, with a rectified voltage remaining at the output and being able to be supplied to the load. In particular, conventional rectifier circuits with choke and output capacitor can be easily expanded by means of the three-pole circuit. The at least one switching unit designed as a full bridge serves to also allow negative voltages in order to avoid current distortions, as a rule only one switching unit designed as a full bridge is sufficient. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment, it is also proposed that in each switching branch exactly one switching unit in the form of four switched as a full bridge, controllable semiconductor valves is provided, and a plurality of switching units in the form of two switched as a half-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves.
    A particularly simple circuit arrangement with low circuit complexity can be realized by exactly one switching unit in the form of four switched full bridge, controllable semiconductor valves is provided in each switching branch, and exactly one switching unit in the form of two switched as a half-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves.
    The respective currents, that is to say the control currents and / or the injection current, are set by modulating the active components in the three-pole circuit. The switching operations for the modulation of currents by means of active components are known per se in power electronics. By the inductors connected in series to the switching units, the currents are smoothed and an impression of pulsed currents in the DC-side output can be avoided. The choke on the DC-side output carries both the rectifier currents and the impressed control currents and ensures continuous characteristics of the output variables.
    For additional smoothing of the rectifier output voltage or of the rectifier output current, it is also proposed that the switching element and the first pole terminal of the three-pole circuit are connected to one another via a first inductance.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to two embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. It show here the
    1 shows a rectifier circuit according to the prior art,
    2 shows a first embodiment of a rectifier circuit according to the invention,
    3a shows the course of the three-phase mains voltages at the network-side input of the rectifier circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 2,
    3b shows the course of the three-phase network currents at the network input of the rectifier circuit according to the invention according to Figure 2,
    3c the course of a control current icp of a rectifier circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 2,
    3 d the course of a control current icn of a rectifier circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 2, FIG.
    3e the course of an injection current ih3 of the rectifier circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 2,
    3f the course of the midpoint voltage umn the rectifier circuit according to the invention according to Figure 2, and the
    Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a fiction, contemporary rectifier circuit.
    1 shows a known rectifier circuit with a rectifying arrangement 1 of semiconductor valves 2, a (six-pulse) bridge rectification arrangement with diodes, and with a DC-side choke 7. The rectifier circuit comprises a network-side input 3 and a DC-side output 4, wherein at the network-side input third the phases U, V, W are carried out, and at the DC side output 4 a positive output line Pdc and a negative output line Ndc · At the rectifying device 1 is applied a rectified voltage Urec, wherein at the output a constant output voltage Uo is formed. In FIG. 1, a neutral point N, the mass potential of the network, is represented on the network side. At the DC-side output 4 is connected to the output lines Pdc, Ndc a Fast 6, shown as a variable resistor, which receives a time-varying P0 (t). Furthermore, an output capacitor Co is usually provided at the DC side output 4 between the output lines Pdc, Ndc. The Fast 6 is not shown in the other figures, since the connection takes place at the respective same location as in Figure 1. The entire Feistung the Fast 6 is transported via the throttle 7 from the network to the rectifier output, wherein the typical for the illustrated three-phase diode bridge with semiconductor valves 2 half-waves of the output voltage is smoothed by a choke 7 in combination with an output capacitor Co.
    The rectifier circuit still has, depending on the dimensions of the arranged throttle 7, more or less pulse-shaped input currents with de-energized fuzz on the network input 3 and therefore causes undesirable network perturbations, a required THDi the input currents can sometimes not be achieved.
    In order to improve the THDi, a rectifier circuit according to FIG. 1 may be provided. The rectifier circuit according to the invention with a rectification arrangement 1 additionally has a three-pole circuit 5. The three-pole circuit 5 has a first pole terminal A, a second pole terminal B and a third pole terminal C. The first pole terminal A can be connected to switching elements Si, S2, S3 at least to one phase U, V, W at the network-side connection. The second pole terminal B is connected to the positive output line Pdc, and even before the throttle 7 connects to the load 6. The third pole terminal C is connected to the negative output line Ndc.
    In each case a phase U, V, W is connected to the pole terminal A of the three-pole circuit 5 with the switching elements Si, S2, S3, a current path for the one injection current ih3 being made available. Control currents icp, icn flow via the pole terminals B, C to the DC-side output 4. At the network-side input 3, network distortion is avoided by the injection of the injection current ih3. The injection current required for sinusoidal input currents is composed of sections of the desired sinusoidal input currents and has an approximately triangular shape.
    The three-pole circuit 5 according to the rectifier circuit of Figure 1 uses a unidirectional 3-level bridge branch consisting of the two rectifier diodes Dh3 + and Dh3- on a first branch Zi and a bidirectional switch Sh3 from a first midpoint terminal Mi to a second midpoint terminal M2, wherein the diodes Dh3 +, Dh3- connect the first midpoint terminal Mi to the positive and negative terminals of the buffer capacitors Ccp, Ccn, which buffer capacitors are provided on the second branch Z2. By means of the bidirectional switch Sh3, the first midpoint terminal Mi is connected to the second midpoint terminal M2 by switching on the bidirectional switch Sh3 and thus also to the center M of the three-pole circuit 5 via a conductive connection. Furthermore, two half-bridges with the four controllable semiconductor valves Scp +, SCp-, Scn +, Scn- are provided in a third branch Z3, the positive and negative terminals of the two half-bridges being connected to the buffer capacitors Ccp, Ccn. The pole terminals B and C of the three-pole circuit are provided between each of a first pair Scp +, Scp_ and a second pair Scn +, Scn- of controllable semiconductor valves. By suitable control of the controllable semiconductor valves Scp +, Scp-, Scn +, SCn- of the two half-bridges and of the 3-level bridge branch, the currents ih3, icp, icn can be regulated.
    Furthermore, the rectifier circuit according to FIG. 1 has filter capacitors Cf connected to the phases U, V, W at the line-side input 3 and connected in the form of a stem or a triangle. The filter capacitors Cf are arranged in a star shape about a Stempunkt MCf. The star point Mcf is further connected to a bypass capacitor Cbf having a center M of the three-pole circuit 5. This connection of the line-side input 3 with a bypass capacitor Cbf via the filter capacitors Cf, allows high-frequency fault currents if, caused by the high-frequency switching operations in the three-pole circuit 5, to flow off, which has particular advantages if all three currents ih3, icp, and icn the three-pole circuit 5 are controlled with a specially designed controller. However, the connection of the bypass capacitor Cbf is not regarded as a further, fourth pole terminal of the three-pole circuit 5, since the derived fault currents if are high-frequency and comparatively small compared to the currents in the pole terminals A, B, C.
    Each of the pole terminals A, B, C is connected according to Figure 1 with an inductance Fh3, Fcp, Fcn, which are used for guiding the two control currents icp, icn and the injection current ih3. In this way, at least two of the three currents ih3, icp, icn are regulated, with the third current resulting from the compulsory zero current sum.
    To simplify the circuit complexity, a rectifier circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 2 is proposed according to the invention. In this case, the first pole terminal A forms a mid-point terminal M of two switching branches to the second pole terminal B and to the third pole terminal C, the two switching branches each comprising at least two series-connected two-pole switching units HB; with i = l, 2.3 ... N and N> 2 and one to the switching units HB; connected in series inductor Fcp, Fcn are formed, of which at least one switching unit FHBi with i = l, 2.3 ... K in the form of four switched as a full bridge, controllable semiconductor valves S is arranged in the bridge branch, a buffer capacitor Cc is, and at least one switching unit hHBi with i = l, 2.3 ... F and F + K = N in the form of two connected as a half-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves S, in the bridge branch also a buffer capacitor Cc is arranged. The switching units hHBi designed as half-bridges thus each have a buffer capacitor Cc to which a series connection of two controllable semiconductor valves S is electrically connected in parallel, and a connection of the buffer capacitor Cc and a connection point of the two semiconductor valves S respectively form the terminals of the two-pole switching unit hHBi.
    Each switching unit hHBi can be controlled in three different switching states. In a first switching state, the value of the voltage drop across the respective switching unit hHBi is equal to zero, regardless of the current direction. In a second switching state, the voltage value is the same regardless of the current direction
    Voltage of its buffer capacitor Cc. In a third switching state, the voltage value is directed independently of the current direction so that the relevant switching unit hHBi no energy from. The at least one switching unit FHBi designed as a full bridge serves to also permit negative voltages, with only one switching unit FHBi designed as a full bridge usually being sufficient. Therefore, it is also proposed that in each switching branch exactly one switching unit FHBi is provided in the form of four switched as full bridge, controllable semiconductor valves S, and a plurality of switching units hHBi in the form of two switched as a half-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves S.
    According to the invention, a different number of switching units HB; are connected in series to form the control currents icp, icn supplied to the output lines Pdc, Ndc of the DC-side output in a desired manner. In addition, due to the series connection of the switching units HB; Transistors with comparatively low reverse voltage for the semiconductor valves S are used.
    For additional smoothing of the rectifier output voltage or of the rectifier output current, it can furthermore be provided that the switching element Si, S2, S3 and the first pole terminal A of the three-pole circuit are connected to one another via a first inductance Fh3.
    3a shows first the course of the three-phase mains voltages at the network-side input of the rectifier circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3b the course of the three-phase network currents at the network-side input of the rectifier circuit according to the invention. FIG. 3c shows the profile of a control current icp of the rectifier circuit according to the invention as it is supplied to the positive output line Pdc, and in FIG. 3d the profile of a control current icn as it is supplied to the negative output line Ndc. FIG. 3e shows the profile of an injection current ih3 of the rectifier circuit according to the invention, and FIG. 3f shows the profile of the midpoint voltage Umn.
    A particularly simple circuit arrangement with low circuit complexity can be achieved, for example, according to FIG. 4, by providing in each switching branch exactly one switching unit FHBi (K = 1, N = 2) in the form of four, full-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves S, and exactly one Switching unit hHBi (L = l) in the form of two controlled as a half bridge, controllable semiconductor valves S. Using the invention thus achieves the best possible rectification while avoiding the network distortions, the rectifier circuit according to the invention is flexibly configurable and thus allows reduced circuit complexity, said In particular, it offers good applicability even in the medium voltage range.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    A rectifier circuit comprising a three-phase rectification arrangement (1) of semiconductor valves (2), preferably a bridge rectifier circuit of diodes, the rectification arrangement (1) comprising a three-phase line-side input (3) and a DC-side output (4), and each of the three phases ( U, V, W) at the network-side input (3) each with a switching element (Si, S2, S3) to a first pole terminal (A) of a three-pole circuit (5) is switchable, and a second and third pole terminal (B, C) each of the three-pole circuit (5) is connected to an output line (Pdc, Ndc) of the DC-side output (4), and at least one reactor (7) is disposed on one of the output lines (Pdc, Ndc) at the DC-side output (4) characterized in that the first pole terminal forms a mid-point terminal (M) of two switching branches to the second and third pole terminals (B, C), the two switching branches each consisting of at least two in series switched bipolar switching units (HB ;, with i = l, 2.3 ... N and N> 2) and to the switching units (HBO series inductance connected (Lcp, Lcn) are formed, each of which at least one switching unit ( FHBO in the form of four switched as a full bridge, controllable semiconductor valves (S) is in the bridge branch a buffer capacitor (Cc) is arranged, and at least one switching unit (hHBO in the form of two connected as a half bridge, controllable semiconductor valves (S) is executed, in whose bridge branch a buffer capacitor (Cc) is arranged.
    [2]
    2. rectifier circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that in each switching branch exactly one switching unit (FHB) in the form of four full-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves (S) is provided, and a plurality of switching units (hHBO in the form of two connected as a half-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves (S) are provided.
    [3]
    3. rectifier circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that in each switching branch exactly one switching unit (FHB) in the form of four switched as a full-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves (S) is provided, and exactly one switching unit (hHB) in the form of two connected as a half-bridge, controllable semiconductor valves (S).
    [4]
    4. rectifier circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switching element (Si, S2, S3) and the first pole terminal (A) of the three-pole circuit (5) via a first inductance (Lh3) are interconnected.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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